WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2025/2026 PDF Download

WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2025/2026 PDF Download: Agricultural science is one of the subjects offered by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) for candidates who wish to pursue a career in agriculture or related fields. The syllabus covers the theoretical and practical aspects of agriculture, such as crop production, animal husbandry, soil science, farm management, agricultural economics, and extension.

The WAEC syllabus for agricultural science is designed to:

• enable candidates to acquire basic knowledge and skills in agriculture
• develop candidates’ interest and appreciation of agriculture as a dynamic and living activity
• prepare candidates for further studies and careers in agriculture and related disciplines
• promote environmental awareness and sustainable agricultural practices

WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2025/2026

A. BASIC CONCEPTS

1. What agriculture is and why it’s important.
2. Challenges in agriculture and possible solutions.
3. SUBSISTENCE VS. COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE.
4. The government’s role in agricultural development.
5. The role of non-governmental organizations in agriculture.
6. Agricultural laws and reforms.

B. AGRICULTURAL ECOLOGY

1. Understanding agricultural ecosystems.
2. Land and its uses.
3. Factors affecting land availability for farming.
4. Agro-allied industries and their relationship with agriculture.
5. Environmental factors affecting crop and animal production.
6. Rock types and formation.
7. Soil formation and profile development.
8. Types of soil and their properties.
9. Plant nutrients and the nutrient cycle.
10. Irrigation and its types.
11. Drainage systems.
12. Agricultural pollution.

C. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING/MECHANIZATION

1. Simple farm tools.
2. Farm machinery and implements.
3. MAINTENANCE OF FARM MACHINERY.
4. Agricultural mechanization.
5. Farm power sources.
6. Farm surveying and planning.
7. Principles of farmstead planning.

D. CROP PRODUCTION

1. Crop classification based on use, life cycle, and morphology.
2. Husbandry of selected crops.
3. PASTURE AND FORAGE CROPS.
4. Crop improvement methods.
5. Crop protection against diseases, pests, and weeds.

E. FORESTRY

1. Forest management and regulations.
2. Agro-forestry practices.

F. ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

1. Importance of ornamental plants.
2. Types and methods of cultivation.
3. MAINTENANCE OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS.

G. CROP PROTECTION

1. Diseases of crops and their control.
2. Pests of crops and their control.
3. WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL.

H. ANIMAL PRODUCTION

1. Types and classification of farm animals.
2. Anatomy and physiology of farm animals.
3. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY.
4. Livestock management.
5. Animal nutrition.
6. Rangeland and pasture management.
7. Animal improvement and health management.
8. Aquaculture.
9. Apiculture (beekeeping).

I. AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION

1. Basic economic principles.
2. Factors of production.
3. PRINCIPLES OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY.
4. Implications of demand and supply.
5. Functions and problems faced by farm managers.
6. Agricultural finance.
7. Farm records and accounts.
8. Marketing of agricultural produce.
9. Agricultural insurance.
10. Agricultural extension programs and problems.

How to Download the WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2025/2026

The WAEC syllabus for agricultural science is available in PDF format on the official website of the WAEC. Candidates can download the syllabus by following these steps:

• Visit the WAEC website at [www.waecnigeria.org]
• Click on the “Syllabus” tab on the homepage
• Select the year and the subject of your choice
• Click on the “Download” button to save the syllabus on your device

Alternatively, candidates can also access the syllabus by clicking on this link:

What to Expect from the WAEC Syllabus for Agricultural Science 2025/2026

The WAEC syllabus for agricultural science is divided into three sections: A, B, and C. Each section has a number of topics and subtopics that candidates are expected to cover. The syllabus also specifies the objectives, content, and outcomes of each topic, as well as the recommended textbooks and references.

Section A covers the general principles of agriculture, such as the meaning, scope, and importance of agriculture, the factors affecting agricultural production, the classification and characteristics of crops and animals, the basic concepts of genetics and breeding, and the methods of crop and animal improvement.

Section B covers the major branches of agriculture, such as crop production, animal husbandry, soil science, farm management, agricultural economics, and extension. This section also covers the practical aspects of agriculture, such as the identification and use of farm tools and equipment, the preparation and cultivation of land, the planting and maintenance of crops, the rearing and management of animals, the harvesting and processing of agricultural products, and the marketing and distribution of farm produce.

Section C covers the contemporary issues and challenges in agriculture, such as the effects of climate change, pests and diseases, soil erosion, deforestation, pollution, and waste management on agricultural production and the environment. This section also covers the solutions and strategies to address these issues and challenges, such as the adoption of improved varieties and breeds, the use of integrated pest management, the practice of conservation agriculture, the application of biotechnology, and the promotion of organic farming.

How to Prepare for the WAEC Examination in Agricultural Science 2025/2026

The WAEC examination in agricultural science consists of two papers: Paper 1 and Paper 2. Paper 1 is a multiple-choice paper that tests candidates’ knowledge and understanding of the syllabus. Paper 2 is a theory and practical paper that tests candidates’ ability to apply the knowledge and skills acquired from the syllabus.

To prepare for the WAEC examination in agricultural science, candidates should:

• Study the syllabus thoroughly and familiarize themselves with the objectives, content, and outcomes of each topic
• Read the recommended textbooks and references and take notes of the key points and concepts
• Practice the past questions and answers and review their performance and feedback
• Revise the topics and subtopics regularly and test themselves with quizzes and mock exams
• Attend the practical sessions and demonstrations and participate in the activities and experiments
• Seek guidance and clarification from their teachers and peers whenever they encounter difficulties or doubts

Conclusion

The WAEC syllabus for agricultural science is a comprehensive and relevant document that guides candidates on what to learn and expect from the subject. Candidates who follow the syllabus and prepare well for the examination will have a better chance of scoring high marks and achieving their academic and career goals in agriculture and related fields.

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